Inclusive and Culturally Diverse Strategies

By martin.sarahe | Updated: Feb. 21, 2025, 8:04 a.m.

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Inclusive and Culturally Relevant Multimodal Strategies
Sarah Martin
American College of Education
CI6103
Dr. Tina Chaseley
December 5, 2021
An Action Research Project on Inclusive and Culturally Relevant Multimodal Strategies
PURPOSE:
The purpose of this research is to analyze and synthesize collected data to determine the most effective multimodal strategies to use in an inclusive classroom and to identify teacher percpetions of the strategies through their use of the strategies.
PROBLEM: 
Even though researchers have identified many strategies to help create an inclusive classroom, there has been little advancement in using multimodal strategies as a change in practice; rather, these strategies are often used with only students with special needs (Nilholm, 2020).

PROBLEM: 
In many schools, there seems to a disconnect between knowing about inclusive strategies and using them for all students to produce gains in student achievement. The problem is the teachers’ lack of use of multimodal strategies to teach all students, including students with learning disabilities. This lack of use is due to teacher perception of insufficiency in usefulness or production of positive results.

Research Question 1: 
What are teachers’ perceptions of multimodal strategies in improving the achievement of students with learning disabilities in the context of the Least Restrictive Environment?

Research Question 2: 
What are teachers’ perceptions of multimodal strategies in improving the achievement of all students in an inclusive classroom?

Methodology:
Qualitative and Quantitative Data was used to gain
teacher perceptions of
the use of multimodal
strageies. 
Methods Used:

I sent an online survey to 3 elmenetary school teachers in the district where I work. 
The online Google Form Survey consisted of: 
3 Demographics Questions, 6 Likert Questions, and 3 Open-Ended Questions

Methods Used:

I interviewed a veteran teacher using six open-ended questions regarding teaching strategies for inclusiveness. 
Teacher Perceptions of using Mulitmodal Strategies 
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Veteran Teacher Perceptions of using Inclusive Strategies 
Data Analysis
Data Analysis

While this veteran teacher saw the need for collaboration, she realized the difficulty in doing so during the pandemic.  She  gave suggested strategies on how to promote collaboration in the classroom. The strategies she suggested include: 
PBIS and Whole Brain Teaching
Data Analysis
The veteran teacher saw the need for inclusive practices to show empathy. Strategies for this social inclusion included teacher modeling of empathetic behavior, meeting students where they are, and meeting their needs.

9 Multimodal Stratgies for Culturally Relevant & Inclusive Curriculum (O'Keefe & Medina, 2016)
Visual Aids
Whole Group Accommodations
Social Skill Instruction
Peer Tutoring
Cooperative Learning
Modifications
Instructional Scaffolding
Active and Applied Learning
Alternative Assessment
Which Multimodal Stratgies for 
Culturally Relevant & Inclusive Curriculum are Most Effective?
Whole Group Accommodations
Cooperative Learning
So given this data, what do we conclude about teachers and inclusive classrooms?
Conclusion
Veteran Teachers
often have a good grasp of social inclusion of students.
Novice Teachers
may need help when deciding upon and implementing strategies for inclusion and diversity in the classroom. 
sometimes do not use academically inclusive strategies in the classroom.
Inclusive and Culturally Diverse Classrooms 
need further support in using academically inclusive strategies as a shift in practice.
All Teachers
Veteran Teachers
Recommendations
Creating Relationships
through various methods creates a culture of acceptance of all. 
Collaboration
is one of the most effective multimodal classroom strategies  to promote inclusion (O'Keefe & Medina, 2016). 
allows all students to feel accepted.
Inclusive and Culturally Diverse Classrooms 
allows teachers to meet all students where they are (O'Keefee & Medina, 2016). 
Differentiating Instruction & Providing Whole Group Accommodations
Celebrating Diversity
Edits
Taking into consideration the suggestions of colleagues, I narrowed my problem and purpose statements. Additonally, I summarized and synthesized the veteran teacher interview answers. Finally, I added a section regarding O'Keefe and Media's nine strategies. 
References
Nilholm, C.  (2021) Research about inclusive education in 2020 – How can we improve our theories in order to change practice? European Journal of Special Needs Education, 36:3, 358-370, https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2020.1754547

O’Keeffe, S., & Medina, C.M. (2016). Nine strategies for helping middle school students weather the perfect storm of disability, diversity, and adolescence. American Secondary Education, 44, 72-87. https://ace.instructure.com/courses/1763205/pages/module-9

Inclusive and Culturally Diverse Strategies

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