GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 (Genetics)

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General Biology 2
STEM 11/12
Content: 
GENETICS
Grade:
11/12
The learners understand Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance.

Content Standard:
The learners shall be able to make a Pedigree Analysis in the learner’s family using a simple genetic trait.

Performance Standard:
The learners shall be able to construct pedigrees and predict genotypes based on pedigree analysis (STEM_BIO11/12-IIIa-b-1)

Learning Competency:
TEACHER EULA
Cavite National Science High School
Mendelian Law of Inheritance
SEGREGATION
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
Law of Segregation
states that for any trait, each parent’s pairing of genes (alleles) split and one gene passes from each parent to an offspring
Law of INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
states that different pairs of alleles are passed onto the offspring independently of each other
Pattern  of Inheritance
* Dominant
* Recessive
- if only one copy of the allele is required for expression of the trait
- if two copies of an allele are required for expression of the trait
Symbols used in Pedigree Chart
Recessive
Dominant
Trait appears in both sexes and is found in every generation
Trait appears in both sexes with equal frequency but tend to skip generations
Both males and females are affected but often more females are affected. 
Does not skip generations

More males than females are affected. Affected sons are usually born from unaffected mothers, thus, the trait skips generations
Only males are affected. It is passed from father to all sons. 
It does not skip generations

Autosomal Dominant
Trait appears in both sexes and is found in every generation
Example: Huntington's disease

Autosomal Recessive
Trait appears in both sexes with equal frequency but tend to skip generations
Example: Sickle cell anemia

X- linked Dominant
Both males and females are affected but often more females are affected. Does not skip generations.
Example: Rett's syndrome

X- linked Recessive
Trait skips generations.  Males are more often affected than females. Females are carriers.
Example: Hemophilia

Only males are affected. It is passed from father to all sons. 
It does not skip generations
Example: Hypertrichosis pinnae

Y- linked 
Solving the possible genotypes
If D is dominant and d is a recessive, what are the most probable genotypes of I-3 and I-4?
 Answer: Dd
What are the most probable genotypes of II-4 and II-5?
 Answer: Dd
What is the probability that II-1 and II-2 will have another normal offspring?
 Answer: 50 % or 1/2
CREDITS
Teaching Guide for Senior High School: General Biology 2
http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ma-Mu/Mendelian-Laws-of-Inheritance.html http://knowgenetics.org/mendelian-genetics/ bio4esobil2011.wordpress.com http://knowgenetics.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Gregor_Mendel.jpg https://starksbiology.wikispaces.com/Law+of+Segregation http://www.cureffi.org/2014/11/14/genetics-23/ http://epomedicine.com/medical-students/solving-pedigree-analysis-3-steps/ 
https://www.biography.com/people/gregor-mendel-39282

PRESENTED BY: EULA FAITH MIRACLE V. ANDAM
VISUAL EFFECTS EDITOR: MARIE CONNEELY D. VILLANUEVA
PRODUCTION: POWTOON

GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 (Genetics)

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